We recommend that local governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. Promot Educ Suppl. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Oxford: Clarendon; 1964. Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. We found that the causes of ill-health were constructed and negotiated within the socio-cultural context of the study communities. It involves praising and glorifying the sky-god and seeking his spiritual assistance to ward off evil. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. The people in this area are members of the Amhara ethnic group and are largely Muslims. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. He carefully reflected on how the data collection process influenced his own perceptions, and how other people respond to him. CAS Genetic counseling of the deaf. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. A more interesting finding was that they also articulated how important social relationships are in maintaining good health. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Consequently for many indigenous people, attempts to restore wellbeing through the utilization of biomedicine must include customary affirmation of the nature-spirit intercession as a feature of the recuperation process. Two analysts (MHK and another Amharic speaking team member, TS) immersed themselves in the data by reading and open coding the transcripts independently and developing preliminary codes. TeleFax +91-581-2302188. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. Acute and Chronic Malnutrition. Coronado G, Chio-Lauri J, Cruz RD, Roman YM. For example, the research findings were shared with research participants and the local research assistants who confirmed the interpretations accurately reflected their perceptions and experiences. By using this website, you agree to our It would seem that any apprehensiveness is likely to have been eased, by the generally friendly and mutually respectful rapport most people have with their respective health extension workers. The relationship between diseases and their causes can be approached from different starting-points. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Too often, indigenous medicine is criticized as harmful traditions as if it was a threat to human health. Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. It states thatmicroorganismsknown aspathogensor germs can lead to disease. While nationalistic disease theories explain disease in . Witchcraft Beliefs In Diseases Causation And Health - Seeking Behaviour In Pregnancy Of Women In Calabar South - Nigeria. The relevance of traditional medicinal cultures to modern primary health care. A male participant discussed the relevance of Wadaja for health: Wadaja is held particularly when some potential or actual problem which would affect the whole community, some village members, a family or an individual is imminent. This ethnographic study was grounded in participant observations made by the principal investigator (MHK) working as a volunteer heath extension worker in the study area for five months between June and November, 2013. State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the disease are eligible for over $180,000 (150,000) each. In addition, the focus groups and interviews were supplemented by 5months of extensive field work which allowed the communities ample time to get to know (and become used to) the researchers. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Br Configuration of audiogram_de6f98ffd3d657e86d774387bbfaf319.pdf, Science-What-do-plants-need-to-grow-PowerPoint.pptx, Associative_Memory_Neural_Networks_pptx.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Personalistic Causes Familial ectrodactyly syndrome in a Nigerian child: a case report. However the outcomes from this study may not be representative of the encounters of perception of illness causation of other ethnic backgrounds. If God wants you to live healthy, then you live healthy [Female, Study Community # 1]. 0 In total 20 individuals, with age range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth interviews including 11 men and 9 women. Cultural theories of crime provide distinct frameworks to understand the influence of human agency, social forces, and peers on behavior. 2023 The Biology Notes. Not listening to them means we are exacerbating the disease we have [Female, Study Community # 2]. If we see someone leave home at the wrong time, we say he is going to bring affliction [Male, Study Community # 4]. This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. endstream endobj startxref In 1890 Robert Koch proposed specific criteria that should be met before concluding that a disease was caused by a particular bacterium. Several theories were advanced from time to time to explain disease causation such as the supernatural theory of disease, the theory of humors by Greeks and Indians, the theory of contagion, the miasmatic theory which attributed disease to noxious air and vapours, the theory of spontaneous generation, etc. Miller addresses in a coherent and thoughtful way the problems faced by the Westerner who seeks to study African literature without colonizing that discourse. Similar to Murdock, a key category of causes of ill-health was the supernatural described by members of the study community as forces capable of putting spells on human beings. Krapf L. Travels, researches and missionary labour during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. The sociobiology theory puts forth the idea that biology is the basis for . If Allah wants you to stay healthy, you stay healthy. 2005;60:691700. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. doi:10.2105/ajph.11.10.908. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. Nigeria is now the second largest HIV disease burden in the world after South Africa which has 7.1 million (19% of global epidemic) burden of the disease, though prevalence is stable at 3.4% [38,39]. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Pasteur, Henle, Koch were the strong proponents of microbial theory after they discovered the micro-organisms in the patients secretions or excretions. PubMed Winkelman M. Culture and health: applying medical anthropology. Each transcript was coded line by line and these codes were organized into higher-order conceptual themes. We say in our culture, if there are arguments and fights there will be no peace then, it would shorten your life and laughter will be away from you. Qualitative content analysis was used. Accessibility Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Permission to conduct the participant observation in the communities was provided by the heads of the health facilities. Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans. It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. Theories of Disease January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. Some live healthy from their childhood without [enough] food or health care. PubMed BMC Public Health First, germ theory separated the disease from the person suffering from the disease. A valuable and interesting world survey of aboriginal theories of disease causation has been made by Clements.1 The types and distributions of ithe theories which he pre-sents embrace well the main methods of interpreting disease in simpler societies; yet the basic analysis of disease causation concepts which he employs needs a little further Privacy 4. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. Proceedings of the First National Conference on the Revision of National Health Policy. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. 2010;20:84558. 2015 Apr;24(2):213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y. A Descriptive and Phenomenological Exploration of the Spiritual Needs of Chinese Children Hospitalized with Cancer. Reading: Gordon and Breach Science; 1992. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. WHO. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. Part of However, others acknowledge that indigenous medicine should be embraced as an important part of health care systems in indigenous communities [35]. Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. 2015;12:140421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140421. We've updated our privacy policy. Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. Theories of Disease causation Until now, the literature about the theoretical underpinnings of illness causation research has been scarce and fragmented, and lacking a convenient summary. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Bull World Health Organ. The common types of diseases in Nigeria are; Malaria Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria's population. Meadows LM, Morse JM. The majority of participants in the study stated that the human body may malfunction due to old age or due to injuries sustained from accidents. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Germ theory of disease was proposed by Louis Pasteur. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. Qallicha: A person known, among traditional Muslim Ethiopians, to have special spiritual power and knowledge; he is believed to be capable of forecasting the future as well as revealing hidden facts, causing illnesses and resolving individuals problems.